General Information

  • ID:  hor002218
  • Uniprot ID:  P05019
  • Protein name:  Insulin-like growth factor I
  • Gene name:  IGF1
  • Organism:  Homo sapiens (Human)
  • Family:  Insulin family
  • Source:  Human
  • Expression:  NA
  • Disease:  Diseases associated with IGF1 include Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Acromegaly.
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  Homo (genus), Homininae (subfamily), Hominidae (family), Hominoidea (superfamily), Catarrhini (parvorder), Simiiformes (infraorder), Haplorrhini (suborder), Primates (order), Euarchontoglires (superorder), Boreoeutheria, Eutheria, Theria, Mammalia (class), Amniota, Tetrapoda, Dipnotetrapodomorpha, Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi, Teleostomi, Gnathostomata, Vertebrata, Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0005158 insulin receptor binding; GO:0005159 insulin-like growth factor receptor binding; GO:0005178 integrin binding; GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0005515 protein binding; GO:0008083 growth factor activity
  • GO BP:  GO:0001501 skeletal system development; GO:0001775 cell activation; GO:0001837 epithelial to mesenchymal transition; GO:0001932 regulation of protein phosphorylation; GO:0007165 signal transduction; GO:0007265 Ras protein signal transduction; GO:0007517 muscle organ development; GO:0008283 cell population proliferation; GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell population proliferation; GO:0009408 response to heat; GO:0009441 glycolate metabolic process; GO:0010468 regulation of gene expression; GO:0010560 positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process; GO:0010613 positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy; GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression; GO:0010629 negative regulation of gene expression; GO:0010648 negative regulation of cell communication; GO:0014834 skeletal muscle satellite cell maintenance involved in skeletal muscle regeneration; GO:0014896 muscle hypertrophy; GO:0014904 myotube cell development; GO:0014911 positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration; GO:0023057 negative regulation of signaling; GO:0030166 proteoglycan biosynthetic process; GO:0030335 positive regulation of cell migration; GO:0032148 activation of protein kinase B activity; GO:0032691 negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production; GO:0032720 negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; GO:0034392 negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process; GO:0035630 bone mineralization involved in bone maturation; GO:0042060 wound healing; GO:0042104 positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation; GO:0042531 positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein; GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process; GO:0043388 positive regulation of DNA binding; GO:0043410 positive regulation of MAPK cascade; GO:0043568 positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway; GO:0045445 my
  • GO CC:  GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005615 extracellular space; GO:0016942 insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex; GO:0031093 platelet alpha granule lumen; GO:0035867 alphav-beta3 integrin-IGF-1-IGF1R complex; GO:0042567 insulin-like growth factor ternary complex; GO:0070382 exocytic vesicle

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  GPETLCGAELVDALQFVCGDRGFYFNKPTGYGSSSRRAPQTGIVDECCFRSCDLRRLEMYCAPLKPAKSA
  • Length:  70
  • Propeptide:  MGKISSLPTQLFKCCFCDFLKVKMHTMSSSHLFYLALCLLTFTSSATAGPETLCGAELVDALQFVCGDRGFYFNKPTGYGSSSRRAPQTGIVDECCFRSCDLRRLEMYCAPLKPAKSARSVRAQRHTDMPKTQKYQPPSTNKNTKSQRRKGWPKTHPGGEQKEGTEASLQIRGKKKEQRREIGSRNAECRGKKGK
  • Signal peptide:  MGKISSLPTQLFKCCFCDFLK
  • Modification:  NA
  • Glycosylation:  NA
  • Mutagenesis:  36-36R->E: Dominant-negative mutant, no effect on IGFR1-binding, defective in integrin-binding and the formation of ternary complex with integrins and IGFR1, defective in inducing IGF1 signaling and cell proliferation, and suppresses activation of IGF1R b

Activity

  • Function:  The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. May play a role in synapse maturation. Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of IGF1 is required for sensory perception of smell in the olfactory bulb. Binds to the alpha subunit of IGF1R, leading to the activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity which autophosphorylates tyrosine residues in the beta subunit thus initiatiating a cascade of down-stream signaling events leading to activation of the PI3K-AKT/PKB and the Ras-MAPK pathways. Binds to integrins ITGAV:ITGB3 and ITGA6:ITGB4. Its binding to integrins and subsequent ternary complex formation with integrins and IGFR1 are essential for IGF1 signaling. Induces the phosphorylation and activation of IGFR1, MAPK3/ERK1, MAPK1/ERK2 and AKT1
  • Mechanism:  [Isoform 3]: Expressed in liver.
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  NA
  • Target Unid:  NA
  • IC50: NA
  • EC50: NA
  • ED50: NA
  • kd: NA
  • Half life: 0.033±0.004 (t1/2 α) hours; /118.8 seconds ( PubMed ID: 11145579 )

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  6-48; 18-61; 47-52
  • Structure ID:  AF-P05019-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    hor002218_AF2.pdbhor002218_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 888567 Formula: C331H518N94O101S7
Absent amino acids: HW Common amino acids: GACLR
pI: 7.73 Basic residues: 9
Polar residues: 25 Hydrophobic residues: 20
Hydrophobicity: -27.43 Boman Index: -12519
Half-Life: 30 hour Half-Life Yeast: >20 hour
Half-Life E.Coli: >10 hour Aliphatic Index 60
Instability Index: 6724.14 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 4845
Absorbance 280nm: 70.22

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  632300##11145579
  • Title:  The Amino Acid Sequence of Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Its Structural Homology With Proinsulin